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头衔: 姊姊的妹妹(?)
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且讓我挖一個老墳
上回是前蘇聯的科學家做了頭部移植這檔事,而現在,又有人做了幾乎一模一樣的實驗,足見人類對於腦部移植的慾望有多高,多到每隔一陣子,就有狂人會試一試。
且看2017/5/01每日郵報的原文
Scientists carry out head transplant on a RAT to create bizarre two-headed rodent in practise run for controversial human experiment
Ahead of a controversial plan to carry out the first human head transplant later this year, scientists have attached the head of a rat onto the body of another.
In the disturbing experiment, researchers in China affixed the heads of smaller, ‘donor’ rats onto the backs of larger recipients, creating two-headed animals that lived an average of just 36 hours.
The team, which involved the Italian neurosurgeon who is set to perform the hotly-debated procedure on a human, managed to complete the transplant without causing blood loss-related brain damage to the donor.
In the study, researchers from Harbin Medical University in China and controversial neurosurgeon Sergio Canavero built upon earlier head-grafting experiments to figure out how to avoid damage to the brain tissue during the operation, as well as long-term immune rejection.
Previously, scientists have attempted the procedure on dogs and monkeys, which helped to test neural preservation when blood flood to the brain had been cut off, they explain in the paper published to CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics.
But, long-term survival of the specimens was not a priority.
The researchers used three rats for each operation: a smaller rat, to be the donor, and two larger rats, acting as the recipient and the blood supply.
To maintain blood flow to the donor brain, they connected the blood vessels from that rat to veins of the third rat using a silicon tube, which was then passed through a peristaltic pump.
Then, once the head had been transplanted onto the second rat’s body, the researchers used vascular grafts to connect the donor’s thoracic aorta and superior vena cava to the carotid artery and extracorporeal veins of the recipient.
According to the team, there was no injury to the donor brain tissue as a result of blood loss in the experiment.
And, after the surgery, the donor head was still able to blink and feel pain.
The two-headed creatures lived 36 hours on average following the procedure, Business Insider reports.
Still, with the addition of the peristaltic pump and vascular grafting to the technique, the researchers say long-term survival could be a possibility.
In the past, Dr Sergio Canavero has said the controversial human head transplant will take place in December 2016.
But, many experts are opposed to the plan, with skeptics arguing that this type of operation is still years away from reality despite successful trials with animals.
Canavero, however, appears to be pressing on.In November, the neurosurgeon unveiled a virtual reality system that will 'prepare patients for life in a new body.'
The doctor says the procedure could ultimately help people who are paralyzed from the neck down to regain the ability to walk, and Russian wheelchair user Valery Spiridonov has volunteered to be the first patient.
The operation would see his head 'frozen' to stop brain cells from dying and tubes connected to support key arteries and veins.
Created by Chicago-based firm Inventum Bioengineering Technologies, the VR system would enable patients to take part in sessions for months before an operation.
摘自https://www.dailymail.co.uk/scie ... transplant-RAT.html
看不懂英文?不要緊,我用google翻譯翻了中文,沒有潤過
科学家们在RAT上进行头部移植,以便在实践中为有争议的人体实验创造奇异的双头啮齿动物
在今年晚些时候进行第一次人体头部移植的有争议计划之前,科学家们将一只老鼠的头部贴在另一只人的身体上。
在令人不安的实验中,中国的研究人员将较小的“供体”老鼠的头部贴在较大的受体背上,制造出平均只有36小时的双头动物。
该团队参与了意大利神经外科医生的工作,该团队将对人类进行激烈辩论的程序,设法完成移植,而不会对捐献者造成与失血相关的脑损伤。
在这项研究中,来自中国哈尔滨医科大学和有争议的神经外科医生Sergio Canavero的研究人员在早期的头部移植实验的基础上,研究如何避免手术过程中对脑组织的损害,以及长期免疫排斥。
他们在发表于CNS Neuroscience&Therapeutics的论文中解释说,此前,科学家们已尝试对狗和猴进行手术,这有助于在大脑血液流入时切断神经保护。
但是,标本的长期存活不是优先考虑的问题。
研究人员每次手术使用三只大鼠:一只较小的大鼠,作为供体,两只较大的大鼠,作为接受者和血液供应。
为了保持血液流向供体脑,他们使用硅管将来自该大鼠的血管连接到第三只大鼠的静脉,然后将硅胶管通过蠕动泵。
然后,一旦将头部移植到第二只老鼠的身体上,研究人员就使用血管移植物将供体的胸主动脉和上腔静脉连接到颈动脉和受体的体外静脉。
据该团队称,由于实验中的失血,供体脑组织没有受伤。
并且,在手术后,供体头仍然能够眨眼并感到疼痛。
据Business Insider报道,这个双头生物在手术后平均生活了36个小时。
研究人员表示,随着蠕动泵和血管移植技术的加入,研究人员表示,长期生存可能是一种可能性。
在过去,Sergio Canavero博士表示,有争议的人体头部移植将于2016年12月进行。
但是,许多专家都反对这项计划,怀疑论者认为,尽管成功进行了动物试验,但此类手术仍远未实现。
然而,Canavero似乎正在向前推进。11月,神经外科医生推出了一个虚拟现实系统,该系统将“让患者为新的身体做好准备”。
医生说这个程序最终可以帮助从颈部瘫痪的人恢复行走能力,俄罗斯轮椅使用者瓦列里·斯皮里多诺夫自愿成为第一个病人。
该手术将使他的头部“冻结”以阻止脑细胞死亡,并将管连接到支撑关键动脉和静脉。
由芝加哥公司Inventum Bioengineering Technologies创建的VR系统将使患者在手术前数月参加会议。
關於這件事,據我所知,人體實驗最後沒有順利實行,而單就大鼠實驗的部分,說老實的,我認為結果令人絕望。
縱使醫療技術進步和血管幫浦的存在確實比前蘇聯能做得更好,但是,這些動物並沒有活得比狗更久,而且36小時對齧齒類動物來說可以是一個較漫長的瀕死過程,我不認為這可以代表這些頭部還有正常的功能,相較以前說過的狗的實驗,移植的狗頭能對更多刺激有反應,感覺上還是比較成功的。
可能的原因是狗大隻,相對的手術較容易精準操作,而大鼠很小,要將血管神經甚麼都接好簡直不可能,更別提用小鼠做了吧。
時隔幾年在看到這種實驗,我突然想到,這是非常精神折磨動物的實驗呢。
想想看當動物從麻醉醒來的時候,身上掛著一個來自自己同種動物的頭部(或者包括前肢)而且這個部份還會動,但卻不能做出正常的反應,哇~簡直像身上突然多出一個垂死的同伴卻無法掙脫一樣,心理陰影面積無限大。
跟只有頭部移植的實驗比起來,這種嫁接頭的實驗感官上更加獵奇一點,拿個比方用人來說吧,毛毛和青燦被做了實驗,頭部被交換移植了,醒來之後毛毛的頭接在青燦的身體上,青燦的頭接在毛的身體上,哦,身體交換了。
而如果是做了嫁接頭的實驗......毛毛醒來發現自己背上多了一個青燦的頭,並且.....這個頭奄奄一息的,模樣可怕,卻無法拿掉,或者實驗成功了,毛毛還能完全掌握自己的身體嗎?
想著就精神獵奇。 |
【发帖际遇】: 紅峽青燦 走在大街上摔了一跤,不但没有幸运地捡到钱,反而不小心丢失了 8F卡币 。
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